Outer Space – Rights & Resources
An interview with Prof. Frans von der Dunk
In the midst of the 1960s space race, the Outer Space Treaty was created as a global agreement to prevent nuclear conflicts from extending beyond Earth and to ensure the peaceful use of space. Today, modern space exploration involves commercial tourism, resource extraction, and new participants such as nation-states and private enterprises. Professor Frans von der Dunk, an expert in space law, examines the applicability of the Outer Space Treaty and customary international law to modern space activities. Key questions addressed include property rights over celestial and lunar natural resources and liability issues related to private operations in space.
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Outer Space Treaty
- Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. Ratified by over 100 countries. Establishes principles for peaceful use, prohibition of nuclear weapons in space, and liability for damage caused by space objects. (1967)
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Moon Agreement
- Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. Not ratified by major spacefaring nations. Governs activities on the Moon and other celestial bodies in the solar system. (1979)
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Rescue Agreement
- Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space. Establishes framework for rescuing astronauts in distress and returning space objects to their country of origin. (1968)
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Liability Convention
- Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects. Outlines liability of States for damage caused by their space objects to other States or their citizens. (1972)
